BRUSSELS — Apple warned European Union regulators that draft measures designed to force Google to open its services to artificial intelligence rivals would pose serious risks to user privacy, security, and device integrity. The submission aligned Apple with Google's own criticism of the European Commission's enforcement push under the Digital Markets Act.

The European Commission last month called for feedback on draft measures to help Google comply with the Digital Markets Act, which is aimed at curbing the power of large technology companies. The draft measures would allow competing AI services to interact with Android apps to send emails, order food or share photos.

"The DMs (draft measures) raise urgent and serious concerns. If confirmed, they would create profound risks for user privacy, security, and safety as well as device integrity and performance," Apple said in its submission.

The company said it has a strong interest in the case given its own operating systems for iPhones, iPads and Mac computers. Apple is also subject to separate EU proposals to open up its ecosystem.

"Those risks are especially acute in the context of rapidly evolving AI systems whose capabilities, behaviours, and threat vectors remain unpredictable as we are now seeing time and again," the company said. The submission argued that the Commission's approach raised questions about the process behind the proposals.

"The EC is redesigning an OS (operating system). It is substituting judgments made by Google's engineers for its own judgment based on less than three months of work. It is all the more dangerous given the only value that can be discerned from the DMs guiding this work appears to be open and unfettered access," the company said.

Google said the proposals would undermine key privacy and security safeguards for European users. Google has separately submitted its own criticism of the Commission's enforcement push under the Digital Markets Act.