Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence90%
For over a century, the United States military has been dropping propaganda leaflets in deliberate psychological operations, or psyops, to achieve success in war.
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Confidence90%
In 1918, the US released more than 3 million leaflets behind enemy lines by plane and hydrogen balloon.
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Confidence90%
Between 1942 and 1945, much of the leaflet‐dropping effort was coordinated through the Office of War Information.
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Confidence90%
The dropping of propaganda leaflets continued in every major war the United States has been involved in since the second world war.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence90%
Khajistan is a New York–based digital archive group.
Relevance: primary · Type: event
Confidence90%
Khajistan has an interactive exhibit titled Office of War Information at Pioneer Works in Brooklyn.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence90%
Since 2022, Khajistan has collected hundreds of propaganda leaflets from US wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya, along with a collection of leaflets dropped on Japan during the second world war.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence90%
A now declassified 1971 US Air Force report challenged the putative successes of psyops in the Vietnam War.
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Confidence90%
From 1968 to 1971, the United States and the South Vietnamese government dropped about 5 billion leaflets a year over Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence90%
Leaflets were dispensed “by the handful in O-2Bs or dumped wholesale in loads of 12 million from C-130s properly characterized as ‘B.S. Bombers’.”
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Confidence90%
The report found that leaflets often transgressed elementary rules of persuasion, lacked credibility, and violated the rule that allegations should not diverge widely from facts as the target population sees them.
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Confidence90%
One prisoner of war said he carried leaflets to roll his cigarettes, another said everyone in his unit used them as toilet tissue, and some soldiers collected them as souvenirs.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence90%
In the Gulf War of the early 1990s, the United States produced 29 million leaflets.
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Confidence90%
Psyops messaging during the Gulf War persuaded approximately 44% of the Iraqi army to desert, more than 17,000 to defect, and more than 87,000 to surrender.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence90%
Saad Khan is the founder of Khajistan.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
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Saad Khan was born and raised in Pakistan.
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The name Khajistan comes from a city that once stood near Herat, Afghanistan.
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Confidence90%
Khajistan started as an Instagram account in 2016.
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Confidence90%
The Office of War Information exhibit at Pioneer Works recreates a wood-paneled office of an earlier era with two genuine American propaganda posters supporting the mujahideen in Afghanistan hung on one wall.
Relevance: supporting · Type: event
Confidence90%
The exhibit features an ancient television playing clips of Friends and Everybody Loves Raymond on loop.
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Confidence90%
A cabinet in the exhibit displays rare propaganda finds, including an edition of The Alphabet of Jihad.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence90%
The Alphabet of Jihad was a USAID project from the early 1980s that taught children how to read in Pashto and Dari through anti-Soviet passages and illustrations of missiles, tanks and landmines, cost $51 million and ran from 1984 to 1994.
Relevance: supporting · Type: event
Confidence90%
Thousands of replicas of genuine leaflets are strewn across the floor in the exhibit, and new ones are printed every 10 minutes.
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Visitors can grab a leaflet and input the number printed on its corner into old computers in the exhibit to discover a translation and its details.
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Propaganda leaflets from the second world war that the US dropped on Japan hang on the corridor wall of the exhibit.
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Confidence90%
All the walls of the exhibit are painted a bright Tom and Jerry yellow.
Relevance: supporting · Type: event
Confidence90%
The Office of War Information exhibit was curated by Saad Khan alongside Joey Chriqui and Amad Ansari.
Saad Khan
Relevance: supporting · Type: quote
Confidence90%
"I come from war."
Saad Khan
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Confidence90%
"It’s part of fucking life."
Saad Khan
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Confidence90%
"Playfulness is very important."
Saad Khan
Relevance: supporting · Type: quote
Confidence90%
"Even in war, life goes on."
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