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Barry Kahn was pursuing a doctorate in economics at the University of Texas at Austin in the mid-2000s.
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Barry Kahn worked part time in the University of Texas at Austin athletics department in the mid-2000s.
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Fans camped out to buy tickets for Texas Longhorns football games in the mid-2000s.
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Some Texas Longhorns football tickets were resold on websites such as StubHub at prices above face value.
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Other professional sports teams and concert promoters faced ticket resales at premium prices in the mid-2000s.
Barry Kahn, economist
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"The question was should we try to stop this, or get a piece of it.","
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Barry Kahn believed that online formalization of ticket resale gave sports teams and entertainment businesses information about demand that could increase revenue without alienating loyal fans.
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Barry Kahn founded the software company Qcue to help sports teams use dynamic pricing.
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The San Francisco Giants became Qcue’s first client and began using dynamic pricing in 2009.
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Qcue’s software adjusted ticket prices over time based on demand and timing rather than using fixed prices.
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Qcue’s model allowed fans buying tickets well in advance to lock in a price while fans purchasing closer to the event faced prices that could rise or fall based on demand.
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Following the San Francisco Giants, other sports franchises adopted dynamic pricing.
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Dynamic pricing had been used by airlines and hotels before its adoption in sports.
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Dynamic pricing enabled sports teams to capture some consumer surplus that would otherwise go to resellers.
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Barry Kahn estimated that dynamic pricing increased team revenues from individual ticket sales by 10 to 30 percent.
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Sports franchises focus on cultivating and retaining season-ticket holders because they provide a steady source of revenue.
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Teams using dynamic pricing avoided raising ticket prices above or cutting them below season-ticket holders’ pre-paid levels.
Barry Kahn, economist
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"Every team that did this was interested in building long-term relationships with the fans. That’s very different to what you are seeing now with FIFA and the World Cup.","
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The FIFA World Cup is a quadrennial soccer tournament.
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The FIFA World Cup is the world’s most watched sporting event.
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The tournament starts on June 11th and will be held in 16 North American cities: 11 in the United States, 3 in Mexico, and 2 in Canada.
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FIFA adopted dynamic pricing for World Cup ticket sales through its online portal.
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FIFA launched its own secondary ticket market for fans to buy or resell tickets.
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FIFA is a not-for-profit organization devoted to developing soccer globally.
Bryan Swanson, media director
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Bryan Swanson wrote, "To provide access to fans, while at the same time ensuring as much value as possible is retained for redistribution into the game around the world.","
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When initial ticket prices were announced in October, some first-round group stage tickets were listed at $60.
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Most World Cup tickets initially cost hundreds of dollars, and knockout stage tickets were priced higher.
Barry Kahn, economist
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"It feels like an organization that is coming into a market and is not looking to cultivate repeat business. It looks like they are trying to find a way to squeeze out every dollar.","
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World Cup tickets are classified into four categories.
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At the start of this month, FIFA raised Category 1 final match ticket prices to nearly $11,000.
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FIFA raised Category 3 ticket prices to nearly $6,000.
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World Cup ticket prices for earlier matches vary based on location and participating teams.
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Under FIFA’s dynamic pricing model, there is no set ticket price.
Henry Bushnell, reporter
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Henry Bushnell said, "Tickets are multiple times more expensive than equivalent tickets to previous men's World Cups.","
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FIFA estimated that the tournament could generate up to $11 billion from ticket sales, media rights, and other revenue sources.
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Most major stadium events, including San Francisco Giants games and Bruce Springsteen concerts, offer tickets with specific seat assignments.
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For the World Cup, fans were required to order tickets based on color-coded stadium maps rather than selecting specific seats.
Henry Bushnell, reporter
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Henry Bushnell said, "Many fans received unfavorable placements, in corners or behind a goal.","
Henry Bushnell, reporter
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Henry Bushnell said, "Some Category 1 ticket holders were placed in sections that, at one point, were color-coded as Category 2.","
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In its ticket terms of use fine print, FIFA states that its stadium maps are "for guidance purposes only."
Keir Starmer, Prime Minister
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Keir Starmer said, "FIFA could lose touch with the genuine supporters who make the game so special."
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A soccer supporters' group and a consumer group representing fans from five countries filed a complaint with the European Commission charging FIFA with introducing "excessive" prices and "opaque and unfair purchasing conditions."
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FIFA said it had not formally received the complaint and that it invests World Cup revenue back into soccer.
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Dan Corry is an English economist who has attended eleven successive World Cups since 1982.
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Dan Corry plans to attend his twelfth consecutive World Cup this year.
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Dan Corry intends to attend an England game but has only secured a ticket for Egypt versus New Zealand in Vancouver, Canada.
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Dan Corry bought a ticket for the Egypt versus New Zealand match in Vancouver through the FIFA resale site for $300 plus a $45 fee.
Dan Corry, economist
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Dan Corry said, "Getting tickets is hard, the travel is hard, it's all hard."
Dan Corry, economist
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Dan Corry said, "At other World Cups, the focus seems to be on making sure the fans have a good time. The ticket prices are reasonable, there are fan fests, and the host cities work out how to get fans to the grounds for free."
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Gianni Infantino is a Swiss lawyer and the president of FIFA.
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MetLife Stadium will host eight World Cup games, including the final on July 19th.
Mikie Sherrill, Governor of New Jersey
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Mikie Sherrill demanded that FIFA contribute to the cost of transporting fans to MetLife Stadium.
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