NEW DELHI — The foreign ministers of the United States, Australia, Japan, and India met in New Delhi in 2025 and agreed to jointly build a port in Fiji, enhance critical minerals cooperation, and expand maritime cooperation.

The meeting marked the latest coordination among the four nations that make up the Quad, a grouping originally formed in 2007 and disbanded shortly afterward. The Quad was revived in 2017 during the first Trump administration. Since its revival, the four countries have deepened collaboration through joint military exercises, humanitarian and disaster relief activities, and maritime initiatives.

The last Quad leaders’ summit was held in 2024 in Delaware during Joe Biden’s presidency. At that summit, the four countries declared they had “built a vital and enduring regional grouping that will buttress the Indo-Pacific for decades to come.” India had been scheduled to host a leaders’ summit in 2023, but it did not occur. It remains unclear whether a leaders’ summit will take place in 2025.

China has opposed the Quad since its inception, accusing its members of promoting a Cold War mentality and attempting to encircle China. Chinese state media published an article titled “Beijing blasts exclusive cliques after Quad meeting” immediately following the 2025 foreign ministers’ gathering. After the Quad disbanded in 2008, China may have proceeded with military actions it had previously warned it would take if the grouping continued, though that claim is based on information with moderate confidence.

Since 2025, U.S.-India relations have deteriorated due to the second Trump administration’s immigration policies, tariffs on India, tensions over India’s Russian oil purchases, and Trump’s closer ties with Pakistan. A 2025 poll by the US Studies Centre at the University of Sydney found that 49% of Australians, 44% of Indians, 42% of Americans, and 41% of Japanese respondents supported the Quad becoming a formal military alliance. Between 7% and 15% of respondents in each country opposed such a move.