Indonesia's foreign ministry said no overflight agreement with the United States has been reached and that discussions remain at an early stage. Officials said Indonesia continues to uphold its bebas aktif foreign policy.

The position was stated as the U.S. retains the capacity for de facto overflight access to Indonesia without a formal agreement. Military overflight access is increasingly constructed through logistics arrangements, training agreements, interoperability clauses, and expedited clearance procedures rather than formal blanket agreements.

Indonesia sits astride the most efficient air corridors linking the Western Pacific, the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean, and northern Australia. Without Indonesia, rapid air movement across the Indo-Pacific theater requires longer routing, additional refueling, and greater operational complexity.

Similar arrangements shape U.S. access elsewhere in the region. The Philippines' Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement does not explicitly grant the U.S. overflight rights. Access to multiple facilities, pre-positioned logistics, rotational presence, and routine exercises allows U.S. military aircraft to move through the Philippines with administrative clearances rather than political permissions.

Papua New Guinea's 2023 defense cooperation agreement provided for the use of certain ports and airfields, logistics cooperation, and contingency access without language about bases or blanket access. Papua New Guinea has served as a transit node between Guam and Australia.

Vietnam has allowed aircraft carrier visits, defense exchanges, and regular military interactions with the U.S. while stating that it has granted no bases and joined no alliance. Among NATO allies in peacetime, military overflight permissions exist on paper but are pre-authorized through standing agreements and function as routine administrative clearances. The pattern across these cases indicates that formal overflight language is frequently absent from bilateral agreements even where regular U.S. military aircraft movements occur through administrative rather than political channels.