WASHINGTON, D.C. — The Partnership for Public Service analyzed departures of Senate-confirmed officials in Cabinet departments. The analysis excluded departures of Senate-confirmed Cabinet department officials nominated under different administrations. It also excluded U.S. attorneys, U.S. marshals, and ambassadors from the tally.

The number of departures in Trump's second term exceeds the turnover recorded in previous administrations. Eleven Senate-confirmed officials in Cabinet department positions left their roles during the four years of Trump's first term. Five Senate-confirmed Cabinet department officials left during President George W. Bush’s second term, according to the Partnership for Public Service. One Senate-confirmed Cabinet department official left during the Biden administration, according to the Partnership for Public Service.

Several high-profile officials departed their posts through firings or resignations. Navy Secretary John Phelan was fired in April. Pam Bondi served as attorney general and was fired.

Kristi Noem served as homeland security secretary and was fired. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director Susan Monarez was fired by the Trump administration.

Susan Monarez refused to resign under pressure after alleging that Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. wanted her removal for political reasons. Air Force Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Kruse was ousted as head of the Defense Intelligence Agency. Navy Vice Adm. Shoshana Chatfield was the U.S. military representative to NATO’s military committee.

Joint Chiefs Chairman CQ Brown Jr. was a Senate-confirmed official in the Defense Department. Jeffrey Kruse, Shoshana Chatfield, and CQ Brown Jr. were not included in the Partnership for Public Service’s count because they were nominated before Trump’s second term began.

Billy Long served as IRS commissioner, a Cabinet department position requiring Senate confirmation. President Trump removed Billy Long from the position of IRS commissioner last year. Billy Long was confirmed as ambassador to Iceland this year.

Tulsi Gabbard served as director of national intelligence and resigned after her husband was diagnosed with cancer. Lori Chavez-DeRemer served as labor secretary and resigned as the Labor Department’s inspector general investigated potential misconduct.

Gail Slater served as the head of the Justice Department’s antitrust unit and stepped down in February. Gail Slater wrote in her announcement that “it is with great sadness and abiding hope” that she left. Leslie Beyer served in a top role in the Interior Department and left her role a few months after being confirmed by the Senate. Marty Makary resigned as Food and Drug Administration commissioner in May.

Brookings, a think tank, analyzed turnover among influential decision-makers in the administration. In the first year of Trump’s second term, 31% of influential decision-makers in the administration experienced turnover, according to Brookings. Seven percent of Trump’s decision-makers saw turnover so far during his second year, according to Brookings.

Eight percent of influential decision-makers experienced turnover during President Joe Biden’s first year, according to Brookings. Thirty-five percent of decision-makers saw turnover during Biden’s second year, according to Brookings. Nine percent of influential decision-makers experienced turnover during President Barack Obama’s first year, according to Brookings. Fifteen percent of decision-makers saw turnover during Obama’s second year, according to Brookings.

Turnover also characterized Trump's first term, though the officials involved held different types of positions. Jim Mattis served as defense secretary during Trump’s first term. Jeff Sessions served as attorney general during Trump’s first term.

Rex Tillerson served as secretary of state during Trump’s first term. Tom Price served as health and human services secretary during Trump’s first term. Anthony Scaramucci served six days as White House communications director during Trump’s first term. Anthony Scaramucci did not require Senate confirmation for his role as White House communications director.