Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence90%
Most of Iran's uranium that can be turned into material for weapons is believed to be stored at Isfahan.
Relevance: primary · Type: action
Confidence80%
US troops storming an underground nuclear facility to seize Iran's stockpile of enriched uranium is an option President Donald Trump is reportedly considering.
Relevance: primary · Type: event
Confidence80%
Such an operation would require the deployment of ground troops and could take several days or weeks to complete.
Mick Mulroy, former deputy assistant secretary of defence for the Middle East
Relevance: primary · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"Removing the uranium stockpile would be one of the most complicated special operations in history," said Mick Mulroy.
Relevance: primary · Type: action
Confidence70%
The US taking control of Kharg Island to pressure Iran to fully reopen the Strait of Hormuz is another scenario under consideration.
Relevance: primary · Type: action
Confidence90%
In a telephone interview with CBS News, President Trump declined to say whether it would be possible to declare victory in the war without removing or destroying Iran's enriched uranium.
Donald Trump, President of the United States
Relevance: primary · Type: quote
Confidence70%
"That's so deeply buried it's gonna be very hard for anybody. It's down there deep."
Relevance: primary · Type: action
Confidence70%
Reports said the US was considering an operation to extract Iran's enriched uranium.
Relevance: primary · Type: action
Confidence80%
The White House said that Trump had not made a final decision on an operation to extract Iran's enriched uranium.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence90%
At the start of the war, Iran possessed approximately 440 kilograms of uranium enriched to 60%.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence80%
Uranium enriched to 60% purity can be enriched to the 90% threshold needed for weapons-grade uranium fairly quickly.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence80%
Iran has roughly 1,000 kilograms of uranium enriched to 20% and 8,500 kilograms enriched to the 3.6% threshold accepted for medical research.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence90%
Isfahan is one of three underground nuclear sites in Iran that were targeted in US-Israeli airstrikes last year.
Jason Campbell, former senior US defence official in the Obama and Trump administrations
Relevance: primary · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"The ideal scenario is that you know exactly where it is. If it's been dispersed to four different sites, then you're talking about a whole different level of complexity," said Jason Campbell.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence80%
Some highly enriched uranium could also be stored at Fordo and Natanz, the other two enrichment facilities that were targeted in Operation Midnight Hammer last year.
Rafael Grossi, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence80%
Rafael Grossi said that the majority of Iran's highly enriched uranium is stored at Isfahan, with some additional material at Natanz.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence90%
IAEA inspectors have not visited Iran's nuclear sites since being evacuated after the US-Israeli air campaign in 2025.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence80%
Satellite imagery from February indicated that all entrances to the tunnel complex at Isfahan appeared to be sealed off with earth.
Relevance: primary · Type: event
Confidence80%
Since the start of the war, the US and Israel have used air strikes to decimate Iran's navy, degrade its ballistic missiles and damage its industrial base.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence80%
Experts said that securing Iran's enriched uranium could not be done without using ground forces.
Relevance: primary · Type: action
Confidence70%
The US could use elements of the 82nd Airborne Division to secure the areas surrounding Isfahan and Natanz.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence90%
The uranium is in gaseous form and is believed to be stored in large metal containers.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence70%
Satellite imagery shows that the entrances to Isfahan and Natanz were badly damaged by US airstrikes.
Jason Campbell, former senior US defence official in the Obama and Trump administrations
Relevance: primary · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"You've first got to excavate the site and detect [the enriched uranium] while likely being under near constant threat," said Jason Campbell.
Alex Plitsas, former US defence official and nonresident senior fellow at the Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative
Relevance: primary · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"The US and Israel have been degrading Iranian defence capabilities to enable this type of operation if it was necessary," said Alex Plitsas.
Alex Plitsas, former US defence official and nonresident senior fellow at the Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative
Relevance: primary · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"It would still be a 'high risk' operation," said Alex Plitsas.
Relevance: primary · Type: background
Confidence90%
Isfahan is located approximately 300 miles (482 km) inland and is Iran's third largest city.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence80%
The operation would be fraught with radiation and chemical dangers.
Relevance: supporting · Type: action
Confidence70%
A negotiated settlement could allow Iran to surrender and secure the uranium stockpile without using force.
Rafael Grossi, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency
Relevance: supporting · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"The stockpile could allow Iran to build as many as 10 nuclear bombs if it decided to weaponize its program," said Rafael Grossi.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence80%
Iran has long insisted its nuclear program is peaceful, but the IAEA and Western nations say Tehran had an organized nuclear weapons program up until 2003.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence80%
IAEA inspectors have not been able to verify the near weapons-grade uranium since June 2025.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence80%
The IAEA believes a stockpile of roughly 200 kilograms of highly enriched uranium is stored in tunnels at Iran's nuclear complex outside of Isfahan.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence80%
Iran's stockpile of highly enriched uranium fits into canisters each weighing about 50 kilograms when full.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence80%
Estimates on the number of canisters range from 26 to about twice that number, depending on how full each cylinder is.
David Albright, former nuclear weapons inspector in Iraq and founder of the Institute for Science and International Security
Relevance: supporting · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"The canisters carrying the highly enriched uranium are pretty robust and are designed for storage and transport," said David Albright.
Relevance: supporting · Type: background
Confidence80%
If the uranium canisters are damaged and moisture enters, highly toxic fluorine gas could be released.
David Albright, former nuclear weapons inspector in Iraq and founder of the Institute for Science and International Security
Relevance: supporting · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"Anyone entering the tunnels seeking to retrieve the canisters would have to wear hazmat suits," said David Albright.
David Albright, former nuclear weapons inspector in Iraq and founder of the Institute for Science and International Security
Relevance: supporting · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"It would be necessary to maintain distance between the various canisters in order to avoid a self-sustaining critical nuclear reaction that would lead to a large amount of radiation," said David Albright.
David Albright, former nuclear weapons inspector in Iraq and founder of the Institute for Science and International Security
Relevance: supporting · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"To avoid such a radiological accident, the canisters would have to be placed in containers that create space between them during transport," said David Albright.
David Albright, former nuclear weapons inspector in Iraq and founder of the Institute for Science and International Security
Relevance: supporting · Type: quote
Confidence80%
"The preferred option for dealing with the uranium would be to remove it from Iran in special military planes and then downblend it," said David Albright.
forum Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to comment.