Voters in six U.S. states will decide ballot measures in 2026 that would limit voting eligibility to U.S. citizens in state and local elections. The states are Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, South Dakota, and West Virginia. Five of these measures are legislative constitutional amendments. The measure in Alaska is a citizen-initiated state statute, marking the first time a statewide ballot measure on this topic proposed as a statute rather than a constitutional amendment will appear before voters.

The constitutional amendment in Arizona would provide that "only citizens may register and vote in Arizona elections." The Arizona Constitution currently limits voting to U.S. citizens. The Arizona measure also addresses citizenship, voter identification, campaign finance, and election administration. Measures in Alaska, Arkansas, Kansas, South Dakota, and West Virginia would also define voter eligibility based on citizenship.

These six measures continue a multi-year trend regarding citizenship voting requirements that began in 2018. From 2018 through 2025, voters decided on 15 constitutional amendments that either added or strengthened citizenship requirements for voting, all of which were approved. The average vote in favor of these 15 amendments was 73%. Eight of these amendments appeared on the ballot in 2024. These amendments generally changed language in state constitutions to add an express prohibition on noncitizen voting. These changes generally preempted state or local governments from later allowing noncitizens to vote, although in most states, there was no existing law authorizing noncitizen voting.

Federal law has prohibited noncitizens from voting in elections for president, the U.S. House, and the U.S. Senate since 1996. State constitutions and state and local laws govern eligibility for elections other than federal offices. Historically, from 1894 through 2025, voters considered 35 statewide ballot measures related to citizenship requirements for voting and noncitizen voting. No statewide ballot measure has proposed granting or expanding voting for noncitizens across both historical waves of these measures. The final statewide authorization for noncitizen voting ended in Arkansas in 1926. Political scientist Leon E. Aylsworth wrote in 1931 that "for the first time in over a hundred years, a national election was held in 1928 in which no alien in any state had the right to cast a vote for a candidate for any office—national, state, or local."