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An Indonesian court sentenced Nadiem Makarim to 10 years in jail.
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Nadiem Makarim was accused of manipulating a school laptop procurement deal to enrich himself.
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Prosecutors stated the alleged manipulation led to $125m in state losses.
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Nadiem Makarim pleaded not guilty to the charges.
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Nadiem Makarim left Gojek in 2019 to join the government of then President Joko Widodo.
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Nadiem Makarim served as education minister until 2024.
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Supporters outside the courthouse booed as the verdict was read out on Tuesday.
Nadiem Makarim, Former education minister
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Nadiem Makarim told the court earlier in the month, "the reward I received was iron bars."
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The case involves the education ministry's procurement of Chromebook laptops for schools in Indonesia from 2021 to 2022.
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Prosecutors alleged that Nadiem Makarim favored Google when the procurement was made.
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Prosecutors claimed Nadiem Makarim created tender specifications that only fit the Chrome system.
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Prosecutors stated the aim was to "make Google the sole controller of the education ecosystem in Indonesia."
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Prosecutors claimed Nadiem Makarim personally gained approximately $46.3m.
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Nadiem Makarim denied the charges.
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Nadiem Makarim argued that the ministry's choice of purchasing Chromebooks resulted in reduced costs for the government.
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Nadiem Makarim denied that Google's investments in Gojek were connected to the procurement.
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Prosecutors stated in a May hearing that Nadiem Makarim's actions violated the government's anti-corruption pledges.
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Prosecutors argued that Chromebooks were purchased despite a 2018 ministry determination that they required an internet connection.
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Prosecutors stated the internet requirement made the computers unsuitable in remote areas of Indonesia where connectivity is difficult.
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Prosecutors stated the ministry proceeded with the purchase after Nadiem Makarim met with Google representatives in 2020.
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Dozens of supporters, including Gojek drivers, gathered at the Jakarta courthouse on Tuesday.
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Supporters carried white banners with the words "We are with Nadiem" and "Free Nadiem".
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Nadiem Makarim shook hands and greeted supporters outside the court.
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Nadiem Makarim gave a statement to the media reiterating his innocence before entering the courtroom.
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Nadiem Makarim walked hand-in-hand with his wife, Franka Makarim, to the courtroom.
Sania Makki, Mother-in-law of Nadiem Makarim
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Sania Makki, Nadiem Makarim's mother-in-law, told BBC News, "It's been difficult for almost 10 months."
Sania Makki, Mother-in-law of Nadiem Makarim
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Sania Makki stated, "As a family, we have continued to pray, fight, and stand by him throughout this time."
Todung Mulya Lubis, Lawyer and activist
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Todung Mulya Lubis, a lawyer and activist, told BBC News, "The eradication of corruption is being used to attack those who are not liked, or those who are critical of people in power."
Andovi da Lopez, Artist and political activist
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Andovi da Lopez, an artist and political activist, told BBC News, "There's a feeling of fear."
Andovi da Lopez, Artist and political activist
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Andovi da Lopez stated, "It's like, so if someone that's from outside of the government tries to work with the government or tries to do good in their own field in this country, am I going to get criminalised?"
Andovi da Lopez, Artist and political activist
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Andovi da Lopez stated, "I can't speak for everybody, but in my circle, there's this fear and people just say, 'just don't work with the government, just don't.'"
Andovi da Lopez, Artist and political activist
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Andovi da Lopez stated, "And that fear is real."
Usman Hamid, Executive director of Amnesty International Indonesia
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Usman Hamid, executive director of Amnesty International Indonesia, said Nadiem Makarim is seen by young Indonesians as someone who "wants to bring change but is trapped in a government system that has systemic problems."
Usman Hamid, Executive director of Amnesty International Indonesia
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Usman Hamid stated, "Maybe [Nadiem] was perceived as forcing [the government] to innovate policies, and maybe he wanted to do it too fast."
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